Computer Chess: From Idea to DeepMind

Computer chess has stimulated human imagination over some two hundred and fifty years. In 1769 Baron Wolfgang von Kempelen promised Empress Maria Theresia in public: “I will invent a machine for a more compelling spectacle [than the magnetism tricks by Pelletier] within half a year.” The idea of an intelligent chess machine was born. In 1770 the first demonstration was given.The real development of artificial intelligence (AI) began in 1950 and contains many well-known names, such as Turing and Shannon. One of the first AI research areas was chess. In 1997, a high point was to be reported: world champion Gary Kasparov had been defeated by Deep Blue. The techniques used included searching, knowledge representation, parallelism, and distributed systems. Adaptivity, machine learning and the recently developed deep learning mechanism were only later on added to the computer chess research techniques.The major breakthrough for games in general (including chess) took place in 2017 when (1) the AlphaGo Zero program defeated the world championship program AlphaGo by 100-0 and (2) the technique of deep learning also proved applicable to chess. In the autumn of 2017, the Stockfish program was beaten by AlphaZero by 28-0 (with 72 draws, resulting in a 64-36 victory). However, the end of the disruptive advance is not yet in reach. In fact, we have just started. The next milestone will be to determine the theoretical game value of chess (won, draw, or lost). This achievement will certainly be followed by other surprising developments.Algorithms and the Foundations of Software technolog

Intuition is programmable

Valedictory Address presented in abbreviated form at the public farewell to the office of Professor of Computer Science at the Tilburg center for Cognition and Communication (TiCC) of the Faculty of Humanities of Tilburg University on Friday, January 29th, 2016.FdR – Publicaties zonder aanstelling Universiteit Leide

De kracht van de blinde vlek

Rede, in verkorte vorm uitgesproken bij het openbare afscheid van het ambt van hoogleraar Recht en Informatica bij eLaw – Centrum voor Recht en Digitale Technologie van de Faculteit der Rechtsgeleerdheid van de Universiteit Leiden op vrijdag 8 oktober 2021Effective Protection of Fundamental Rights in a pluralist worl

Computers and Intuition

Algorithms and the Foundations of Software technolog